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Interpreting Descartes's Cogito Ergo Sum"Cogito ergo sum", translates to "I think, therefore I am" in English, is a famous quote written by René Descartes. This proposition is a fundamental element in Western philosophy, as it is presupposed by all knowledge. Descartes' original phrase, je pense, donc je suis, which is first written in his Discourse on the Method. The argument is well-known in English as "the cogito". This proposition doubts the existence of the world. As Descartes' Mediation explains: I have convinced myself that there is absolutely nothing in the world, no sky, no earth, no minds, no bodies. Does it now follow that I too do not exist? No: if I convinced myself of something then I certainly existed. But there is a deceiver of supreme power and cunning who is deliberately and constantly deceiving me. In that case I too undoubtedly exist, if he is deceiving me; and let him deceive me as much as he can, he will never bring it about that I am nothing so long as I th |
939 |
Native Americans and African SlavesThe Native Americans and Africans Slaves are two prominent groups seen in the Colonial Era with great influence, difficult challenges, and cultures that shaped the colonies into how we see them today. Both, the African Americans and Native Americans were challenged by the hardships of the whites throughout the midst of the eighteenth century. African Americans were found mainly in the North and South, while Native Americans were sprinkled all over the United States. In the Colonial Era, Native Americans had a community with a rich culture that defines them. There is a huge concept of "diversity" in American History. There was not one single kind of Native American, but many. The Southwest, Eastern Woodlands, Great Plains, Great Basin, Pacific Northwest, and Arctic and Subarctic are all areas in which the Native Americans that lived that made up the diverse native peoples. The Southwest peoples including the Hohokam, Mogollan, and Anasazi, originated out of New Mexico and So |
2660 |
Frankenstein and We Need to Talk About KevinIn Frankenstein, the theme of the brutality in human nature is presented in the eponymous character, with an 'eager desire to learn' and an obsessive nature, which obstructs his personal relationships and displaces his sense of humanity. This obsession is heightened by the idea of creating life, which would give Victor the power of a deity and responsibility of a father. His sanity is hindered by his growing fascination with the 'metaphysical' alienating himself from his loved ones, leading to the abandonment his creation a 'hideous wretch' that defies Victor's expectations. The tragic result of the monsters abandonment causes the reader to consider an age-old question: "can one be born evil"? Victor's obsession stems from his hobbies, which occupy his time so significantly he is never truly allowed a normal childhood and causes him to alienate himself from his family. Cornelius Agrippa, writer, theologian and magician, influenced |
1673 |
Literature - Lost in TranslationThe challenge in analyzing poetry written in another language is that, through translation, some of the original meaning is lost. The English language does not possess all the tools necessary to interpret something best said in Russian or Japanese. A poem, in its original language, displays the style of the poet and the beauty or the poem which can be literally lost in translation. Through the poet's literary devices and use of language, a poem comes to life, the quality which is lacking in most translations of the same. Because the meaning of the original poem is unknown, one can't judge a translation on its proximity to the original. A translation is deemed superior based on whether or not the poem sounds like a translation and how well the author preserves the beauty that the poem was intended to have. George Reavey's "First Ice", a translation of Andrei Voznesensky's Russian poem, can easily be pin pointed as a translation. The poem possesses a speci |
1553 |
Car to Car CommunicationsAbstract Car-to-car communication aims at increased driving comfort and safety. Moreover, it changes the role of vehicles from mere transportation means to "smart objects". Despite many R&D activities in the last years, this technology still poses multiple challenges on the wireless transmission and network protocols. Aspects like efficient message dissemination, network scalability, and information security mechanisms are still major research areas in the area of vehicular ad hoc networks. In this paper we present the potential of future car-to-car and car-to-environment communication systems, introduce the major research challenges in this field, and provide a selection of current research results. CAR-TO-CAR Communication Introduction The goal of the CAR-TO-CAR Communication Consortium is to standardize interfaces and protocols of wireless communications between vehicles and their environment in order to make the vehicles of different manufacturers interoperable and also |
1562 |
Starbucks Company AnalysisAbstract Starbucks originated as a single store in Seattle Washington in 1971. After Howard Schultz joined Starbucks in 1982, he developed his vision and made Starbucks the global company that it is today. Today Starbucks retails, roasts and markets specialty coffee. With 20,891 coffee houses in 62 countries worldwide Starbucks is the number one coffee house chain in the world. It operates across Europe and the Americas, Africa, Asia-Pacific and the Middle East. Over the years Starbucks has acquired brands Tazo Tea, Seattle Coffee Company, Ethos Water, Coffee Equipment Company, Tevana, Evolution Fresh and La Boulange. These acquisitions offer future growth as well as compliment their existing products. Starbucks success is based on innovation, product quality and the internal culture they have created as they continue to focus on making the world a better place, while serving coffee. Strategic Evolution Starbucks was founded in 1971 by Gordon Bowker, Jerry Baldwin, and Zev Siegl and |
4526 |
Problems and Solutions of Title IXTitle IX pushed for equal opportunity between the sexes within the classroom in the 1970s. When Nixon finally signed the amendment into law June 23, 1972, initially it was instituted to "prohibit discrimination on basis of sex for educational programs or activities that receive funding from government." (Kwak 1) Title IX impacted universities greatly and fundamentally seemed to be great, however it took great determination of many, it faced hardships within the law and athletics became a leading problem. Title IX did not just happen over-night, it took a lot of hard work from many men and women to make this amendment happen. Before it came to life there were many barriers keeping females from fully participating in activities, unlike education, sports especially highlighted this. During the 1960s, girls were prominently seen to be girly, weaker, or the "fairer" sex; they were supposed to illuminate daintiness. This seen prominently in the 1960s defined what made a |
2009 |
Short Story - I Am AmandaMy name is Amanda Rose. I'm currently hiding myself from the light and going into the darkness. I lived in the darkness ever since my mother died and I don't know what to do. My father, Eric, has done nothing, but he began to drink and abuse me. He acted differently ever since my mother died. As I grew older, I would cry and scream realizing that I won't have a normal life. I have no friends. I've been lonely. Living in a dark world where my thoughts wondered, I couldn't trust anyone. I've been called an outside ever since middle school. I've been bullied and thrown away. Everyone has betrayed me and no one has talked to me since. Now that high school has started, I've been the same. Dark, depressed, and mysterious. No one could understand my pain. I couldn't see the light. I've found darkness. I have no friends or family, no love nor happiness. All I could see was pain, the pain of my past. My mother, my father the love that disappeared. What happened to me? I didn't have these things |
2588 |
Writers of the Late Romantic PeriodRalph Waldo Emerson said, "To be yourself in a world that is constantly trying to make you something else is the greatest accomplishment." This famous quote reflects the tension felt between the individual and society for some of the later Romantic writers and is apparent in their work. Transcendentalists, such as Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau, firmly believed that the individual should separate from society's norms and institutions. Margaret Fuller, who was also a transcendentalist, had radical beliefs about the roles of women and desired for there to be drastic change in women's rights. Finally, Walt Whitman, who wrote in free verse about topics that no one else was writing about, believed in equality and pushed for democracy and individualism. Writing in the Nineteenth Century, Romantics such as Emerson, Thoreau, Fuller, and Whitman had radical beliefs about the individual's role in society for their time period. Ralph Waldo Emerson was a catalyst for though |
1963 |
Vampires - Yesterday and Today1. Introduction Nowadays, literature as well as new media offers a wide range of mysterious, supernatural and occult stories dealing with vampires, demons and other forces of darkness. Even though they are all dealing with different issues, almost all of the stories have something in common – alterity. Originally, the concept of alterity was established by Emmanuel Lévinas under the title Altérité et transcendence (1995) and implies a philosophical meaning with the assumption of the existence of a second identity. Actually, this philosophical meaning matches with some ancient vampire stories and their protagonists, but nevertheless, the following chapters focus on the anthropological meaning of alterity – the social construction of "cultural others." In fact, cultural otherness also deals with being different from cultural conventions. Due to women behaving against their standards in vampire stories like Bram Stoker's Dracula and due to the new |
3602 |
Seamus Heaney'sThe message of the poem "Limbo," by Seamus Heaney, is to directly criticize the Roman Catholic Church in its belief of saving human souls through baptism, and in its almost oppressive control over Northern Ireland. In Catholicism, limbo is a place afterlife where the souls of those not saved reside because they can't reach heaven, but don't deserve hell, so "Limbo" as it's titled immediately implies a religious allusion or focus within the poem. As the poem moves on, the focus shifts from the mother and her infant more to the religion as well. The variety in the sentence length serves to create tension in the poem, relating to the pain the mother feels from losing her illegitimate child due to the strict social pressures of Catholicism. Heaney reveals the setting and situation of the poem in the first stanza. First, he mentions Ballyshannon, a small river town in Northern Ireland, which provides historical context for the type of society and lifestyle of that tow |
1097 |
Ilegal Immigration and Increasing ProblemsThere are approximately "40 million illegal immigrants" living in the United States, making up "12.9 percent of the total population" (Ku and Bruen 2). Even with the chance of being deported, each year thousands of immigrants persevere through the journey and successfully make it to the United States. While the government has made "coming through the front door exceedingly difficult, [they] have left the back door completely wide open" (Snyder 3). With the negative effects of illegal immigration completely outweighing the positive, a plan must be carried out in order to stop this growing problem. More than "60,000 illegal immigrants" flood into the U.S. each year by train, foot, and bus (Winter 1). These aliens, the majority of which originate "from Honduras, El Salvador, and Guatemala," depart in groups generally "up to twelve composed of friends, family, and strangers met along the way" (Winter 2). "The Beast," t |
1406 |
Synthesis Paper - University EducationFor class, I was required to read six essays, each centered on the topic of university education, map out their key points, find how the essays connect under the conversation of university education, and how they differ. For my map, I chose to do a simple colored bubble chart with lines connecting each essay to their main points, with overlapping ideas being connected to in the center of the map. Color coding the bubbles makes the bubbles of each essay easily identifiable. My map is simple, easy, and makes the most sense to me. I found many broad similarities among ideas in each essay, such as the concepts of academic writing, and the demand for scrutiny of university funding and instruction, especially the idea of promoting active/free thinking, and found even more specific differences between the essays' ideas. After first reading each of the six essays, I struggled in finding many similarities between them. Then, after rereading and analyzing the essays, I found many similarities |
1107 |
Wine and the French Wine IndustryIntroduction If there is one thing that truly sets the French apart, its their wine. France is one of the oldest wine producing regions of Europe. At least since the end of the 19th century, France has been among the most important European wine producers, if not the most important, in terms of both quality and quantity. The markets for French wines have traditionally been segmented into quality or fine wines, and ordinary table wines. French wines are complicated, in part because of their stunning variety. But in the end, that's also one of their fantastic pluses. You'll never run out of great French wines to try, which means learning about them can easily become a lifelong pleasure. Defining Wine Wine is an alcoholic beverage made from fermented grapes or other fruits. The official European Union defines it more specifically as the product obtained from the total or partial alcoholic fermentation of fresh grapes, whether or not crushed, or of grape must which is the freshly |
1527 |
Excerpts from Song of Myself"Song of Myself," by Walt Whitman, Whitman uses figurative language to express that he has a deep connection with nature because he was grown "from" it and grew up in the very place where he is sitting. The phrase "every atom of my blood, form'd from this soil, this air" can be connected to the scene in the Bible when God creates Adam and Eve, which says, "Then the Lord God formed a man from the dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and the man became a living being." This connection that can be established between the two phrases can reveal Whitman's belief that all men, including "parents born here from parents the same", have their roots in nature and were conceived from it. This excerpt from Stanza I can connect to an excerpt in Stanza LII, which says "I bequeath myself to the dirt to grow from the grass I love,/ If you want me again look for me under your boot soles." This quote connects ba |
950 |
Gay Marriage - Love and LawDoes the equal protection clause in the fourteenth amendment guarantee same-sex couples the right to marry? If same-sex marriage were to be federally legalized would the sturdy backbone of our culture be broken? Is it not morally wrong to deny the citizens of the United States of America the basic human right to marry? Is it governments place to define marriage and love? The United States of America is desperately striving to answer these intense questions but it seems that everyone has a different opinion on what is moral and what is lawful. Same-sex marriage is currently an extremely hot issue in The U.S. While the majority of younger people accept same-sex marriage and don't understand why so many people oppose it, many people oppose same-sex marriage for various reasons (To have and to hold; Gay marriage). In fact, young Americans (those ages 18-29) are some of the strongest proponents of allowing gay and lesbian couples to engage in marriage. Seventy-two percent of them support it |
2296 |
Allegory of the Cave and The Truman ShowPlato's "Allegory of the Cave" and the film, "The Truman Show," have many similarities in which both encourage its audience to question what they perceive as reality. Plato's Allegory of the Cave is used to illustrate the physical world as an illusion, the cave signifying the world, the prisoners representing the people who inhabit the world and the shadows representative of everything that the people see such as objects and their surrounding as real. In the Truman Show, Sea Haven symbolizes the cave and the protagonist, Truman Burbank, represents the prisoner. Both, Plato's allegory and the movie, reveal parallel subjects such as the yearning for completion and searching for answers, destructive characters, web of illusions and god-like figures. Truman's reality, like the reality of the people in the cave, was constructed like the shadows in the cave that were only copies of things in the real world. In the Truman show the main protagonist lives literally in a giant bubble, controll |
1065 |
Dangers of Child Beauty PagentsChild beauty pageants are one of the most rapidly growing businesses in the U.S, grossing in over five billion dollars annually. Child beauty pageants showcase children in a dangerous and unhealthy atmosphere. Dictionary.com defines beauty pageants as "A contest based on popularity." Considering pageant history, the hours of preparation, and overbearing mothers, people can come to see the numerous negative effects that come from pageant life. Because of the intense and sometimes brutal competition between the parents, what may have started out as a fun event quite often turns into a miserable experience for the child (Nussbaum). Thus, child beauty pageants produce life-long negative effects on young girls. Beauty pageants for adult women were first established in 1920 (Nussbaum), while child beauty pageants were introduced in the 1960s. During the 1920s, the first pageant was held in an Atlantic City hotel (Plecko) as a marketing tool to keep hotel guests in town longer ( |
2276 |
The Benefits of Organic FoodsDo you know the main reason for having heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes and being obese? Well, if we would have wanted to keep ongoing on naming diseases it can take an entire day to name all the diseases that impact our society. Unfortunately, the primary cause of each of those illnesses will always relate to our food industry; a broken food industry, that currently leads us to a dead-end. The food industry has become a big monopoly, such as big companies like Friendly's, which has significantly monopolized the ice cream and frozen food industry. Thanks to Friendly's empowerment, other companies like Magnum Ice cream, who are fighting against diabetes by using materials to make a 100% organic diabetic friendly ice cream cannot accomplish their goal when going up against giants like Friendly's. Because in term of cost Friendly's has all the companies and the machinery to produce the ice cream while Magnum has to pay farmers in order to produce the food naturally, and lots o |
2389 |
The Great Gatsby and Vile BodiesIn The Great Gatsby, a theme widely explored by Fitzgerald is how class divisions that separate the wealthy from everyone else are presented. Considering that American society was supposed to be classless, Fitzgerald highlights all of the distinctions between those who had money and those who didn't. Moreover, he highlights the differences between people who had just made their money, and those who had it all along - the distinction between old and new money. Indeed, although the culture and society of America were different to the United Kingdom's, Waugh shows similar distinctions in British Society throughout Vile Bodies. Both do this through various techniques, descriptions and effective imagery, presenting a varied insight into the lives of the wealthy. The wealthy elite are first presented in the first chapter of the Great Gatsby. Nick describes where he and the other affluent individuals live, in the towns of East and West Egg on Long Island, an area around New York City. East |
1663 |
Writers of the Transcendentalist PeriodTranscendentalism blossomed during the 1800s with the help of Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and Emily Dickinson. They were transcendentalists who expressed their beliefs through writings from poems to essays and they believed that "the individual was at the center of the universe" (Prentice Hall 384). The idea of Transcendentalism is complex and for this reason, only a number of people understood it. Emerson, Thoreau, and Dickinson, were one of the many people who were Transcendentalist; these writers went out of their way in society to represent their beliefs. Emerson's beliefs were mainly on "the human mind [because it] was the most important force in the universe" (Prentice Hall 384). In "Nature", Emerson viewed nature as "[the] plantations of God, a decorum and sanctity reign, [and] a perennial festival dressed" (Emerson 388). God made nature and some view it as just trees, leaves, grass, etc., but Emerson saw the true beauty in |
909 |
The Pit Bull ControversyFour years ago, Andrew was working at 42nd and Cambridge streets in Philadelphia. For about a week, he would bring extra lunch and dog treats with him to feed a pit bull puppy he found chained to a pole in someone's backyard. She was very shy and scared of any human contact. Every day, Andrew would leave her food and fresh water in a bowl, so she could enjoy a nice meal. He would lie in bed at night and wonder who could leave a puppy like that. He worried if she was chained up all night hungry and cold with no place to sleep. That's when he made a decision to rescue her. Andrew rescued an American pit bull terrier. The American pit bull terrier has been the subject of canine controversy for a long time. The history of the pit bull and their current popularity has caused a lot of people to have very different opinions towards the banning of pit bulls. The thought of banning an entire breed is a complete joke. The American pit bull terrier is just one breed of canine. Cesar Milan from t |
4227 |
Happiness and Conflict in LiteratureIn a sense, "Pride and Prejudice" is the story of two courtships - those between Darcy and Elizabeth and Bingley and Jane. Within this broad structure appear other, smaller courtships: Mr. Collins's aborted wooing of Elizabeth, followed by his successful wooing of Charlotte Lucas; Miss Bingley's unsuccessful attempt to attract Darcy; Wickham's pursuit first of Elizabeth, then of the never-seen Miss King, and finally of Lydia. Courtship therefore takes on a profound, if often unspoken, importance in the novel. Marriage is the ultimate goal; courtship constitutes the real working-out of love. Courtship becomes a sort of forge of a person's personality, and each courtship becomes a microcosm for different sorts of love (or different ways to abuse love as a means to social advancement). Of course we can also relate marriage to happiness, and happiness to one's freedom in society; something which is strongly challenged in both "Pride and Prejudice" and Orwell's "1 |
1738 |
Auden and Dickinson - On DeathPoems are recognized for using numerous types of elements to build a certain character or interpretation. The theme of death and a feeling of suspense is portrayed between "Stop all the clocks, cut off the telephone" and "Because I could not stop for Death" due to the use of the authors tone, imagery, and personification throughout the poems. W.H. Auden and Emily Dickinson utilize a distinct tone that is noticeable by simply looking at the titles "Because I could not stop for Death" and "Stop all the clocks, cut off the telephone." Auden is shaping a sorrowful tone by titling the poem "Stop all the clocks, cut off the telephone" in a matter of letting the reader when someone passes away that silence is of the essence. On the contrary, Dickinson shapes a suspenseful atmosphere for the reader because death usually does not randomly stop for anyone; it is an immediate natural process. "Prevent the dog from barking with a juicy bone, |
907 |
Questioning Evil in BeowulfWhile the classic battle between good and evil forces is a major theme of the medieval epic "Beowulf," one may question whether these good and evil forces are as black and white as they appear. Scholars such as Herbert G. Wright claim that "the dragon, like the giant Grendel, is an enemy of mankind, and the audience of Beowulf can have entertained no sympathy for either the one or the other." However, other scholars such as Andy Orchard disagree with this claim, and believe that there is "something deeply human about the 'monsters'". While Grendel, Grendel's mother, and the dragon are indeed portrayed as evil and violent foes, there are parts within Beowulf that can also lead a reader to believe that the "monsters" may not be so monstrous after all. This ultimately evokes traces of sympathy in the reader for the plight of these "monster" figures, and blurs the fine line between good and evil within the poem The first opponent Beowulf must face |
1275 |
