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Causes and Consequences of the Black DeathDuring the mid thirteenth century, a devastating and unforeseen plague took Eurasia by storm. This disease, known as the "Black Death", swept Eurasia and killed 75 to 200 million people between the years 1347 and 1350. The "Black Death" was one of the most horrifying and shocking pandemics in Medieval history. Population numbers plummeted and towns and cities were completely wiped out. This event in history has been scrutinized and covered by many historians, each giving their own perspective and their own outlook on the event. The causes and consequences of the "Black Death" vary in detail when it comes to The Heritage of World Civilizations by Albert M. Craig and his collaborations, The Origins of the Modern World by Robert B. Marks, and Jean de Venette's first-hand account on the pestilence. Each individual source has it's own viewpoint and take on the "Black Death" but they all essentially tell the same story. Craig writes about the " |
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Please, Do Not Feed the Homeless"Give me your tired, your poor Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free The wretched refuse of your teeming shore Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me I lift my lamp beside the golden door!" - Emma Lazarus Engraved upon the pedestal of America's prominent symbol of freedom and equality – The Statue of Liberty – are these lines from Emma Lazarus' distinguished poem, "The New Colossus." Lazarus' words embody the sentiment of generosity and compassion that has made our Republic one of the most altruistic societies in the world. Our citizens fight for equality and tolerance regarding matters of race, sex, employment, marriage, education, religion, wages, and freedom for all. Our hearts bleed and our wallets open at the slightest provocation to help others all over the world to live a better life. In fact, in 2013, the United States led the world in humanitarian aid donations (GHA). Nevertheless, one group continually falls through the cracks – the |
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The Mongols Motorcycle ClubIntro One morning in late February 1998, Carly Hudson, Erika Allison and Daniel Booher were contacted by Special Agent John Ciccone of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) of the Los Angeles division Group II. With us was Special Agent William Queen. Ciccone knew that Queen had been hanging around the Hell's Angels gathering intelligence for another case agent so our team was the closest and obvious choice for this very important mission. The mission was to go undercover and infiltrate the most dangerous outlaw motorcycle gang around. They are so violent and crazy that they make the Hell's Angels look like pansies. We were informed that there are reports of surging criminal activity amongst the Mongol's across the United States. The investigation was a priority due to the Mongol's penchant for assaults, gunfights, drug trafficking, and cold blooded murder crossing over to the civilian world. So we began the preparations for what we did not know at this time, |
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The Aeneid and an Indictment of WarQuestion Does the Aeneid provide a damning indictment of war? Response In a typically 'Homeric fashion', Virgil depicts war in all its splendour and all its folly in equal measure. The Latin wars that Virgil describes bring fearsome heroes together in search of glory and the upholding of family honour, yet these battles are shown to rend families apart as loved ones set out in search of kleos yet, inevitably, never return. Virgil condones war for the sake of his patron, Augustus Caesar, whose recent victory at Actium, three years before the creation of Virgil's epic, had quelled the rebellion of the Roman commander Marcus Antonius. For this reason, Virgil has drawn comparisons to his patron's success with that of his protagonist, Aeneas, who has been portrayed to be an excellent warrior and fatherly figure, as the consistent use of the stock epithet "Father Aeneas" attests to. According to Roman mythology, Augustus Caesar was a descendant of Aeneas, from the stock o |
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The Spirits in HamletAt the opening of Shakespeare's "Hamlet," the guarding sentries of the castle, Elsinore, seek assistance of the scholar Horatio to help them deal with the recent appearance of a ghost. Although Horatio think of the existence of such a "creature" as extremely irrational, he reacts with alarm and credulity when the ghost returns again. After multiple unsuccessful attempts to communicate with the ghost, Horatio in order to reap control over it orders to attack it, but fails to do any harm because it is a spirit. Claudius, however, and then his advisor Polonius believe that they can gain control over the "spirits" of their children by overruling them through orders, critique and humiliations. Claudius' awareness of Hamlet's agony over his dead father, results the king to believe that such level of depression is absurd; therefore, Hamlet's stepfather condemns his son's feelings striving for control over Hamlet's emotions. Similarly, Hamlet's love for Ophelia, seems irrational to her fath |
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The Other in History and LiteratureThe concept of "the other" describes something that is different or unknown to us which deviates from the normal group. In modern society, this title is given to those who are physically or socially different from the status quo. Those who vary from what is considered the norm, perhaps physically or intellectually, are instantly subject to discrimination. The concept can also be found in literature, such as in the form of the extraterrestrials in Wells' "War of the Worlds." Although Wells' description of the alien invasion is fictional, the attitudes are reflective of those in our society today. Many people still have prejudices against those whose beliefs or cultures differ from their own. Similar sentiments toward "the other" can be seen in the past as well, such as in Hitler's treatment of the Jews. Through the reactions of Wells' characters to the extraterrestrials and Hitler's opinions during the Second World War, one can further understand the idea o |
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Heart of Darkness and Apocalypse Now"Heart of Darkness," by Joseph Conrad is a short novel published in 1899. "Apocalypse Now" is a 1979 film based on the novel Heart of Darkness by Francis Ford Coppola set during the Vietnam War. Since "Apocalypse now" is a movie that is inspired from Joseph Conrad's novel, when comparing (both projects) it is evident that they share similarities in theme such as racism against the natives, the fear of the unknown, darkness, the nature of evil, and government. However, Conrad and Coppola managed to develop the same character but in different ways; the morals and motives of Kurtz in both works is what differentiates them from one another, while sticking to the main storyline. The first point of similarity that Heart of Darkness and "Apocalypse Now" share deals with racism. Racism and discrimination are major themes that are displayed throughout the movie and the book. Joseph Conrad and Francis Coppola both emphasized how poorly the natives were treated. I |
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Short Story - RumpelstiltskinOnce upon a time, there was a king named Alexander, who was seeking for a girl to get married. He arranged a ball to find his right match. Every girl in the town was invited and they tried to impress the king. The king liked three girls and could not choose between them. While the king pondered whom to choose, one of the three girls, Edith, shouted out "I can spin straw into gold" to get the king to choose her. Because she was doltish she did not think about the consequences that would happen later. The king was amazed and by seeing his reaction the other two girls Anna and Rosaline immediately shouted out together "So can I." The king replied in amazement "Then I shall put you three into test and whoever spins the most straw in the castle into gold by tomorrow midnight, shall be my queen". The girls were put into separate rooms full of straw with a spinning-wheel and a reel. Edith, Anna and Rosaline all cried in their rooms because they were hopele |
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Christian Theology - Eternal SecurityIntroduction There have been many debates and arguments over scripture throughout the course of history. Some of which have led to bloodshed, separation, and despair. One such argument comes to mind; eternal security. Eternal security has been an endless debate (recorded since Augustine) over one's salvation and the guarantee into God's kingdom. This debate has been a significant road block in many lives in regards to faith and in one's trust in God's grace. Before any side should be taken with confidence, the shared dogmas must be stated to keep a firm foundation. Also, both arguments' supporting points and objections must be laid out. Through these two points, any Christian can take a side with confidence, while still looking at a brother or sister on the other side with love. This is critical to any Christ centered body, as it is so beautifully said by Paul in 1 Corinthians 13:13, "And now these three remain: faith, hope and love. But the greatest of these is love." Dogm |
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Hamlet and OpheliaAt the opening of Shakespeare's Hamlet, the guarding sentries of the castle Elsinore seek assistance of the scholar Horatio to help them deal with the recent appearance of a ghost. Although Horatio think of the existence of such a "creature" as extremely irrational, he reacts with alarm and credulity when the ghost returns again. After multiple unsuccessful attempts to communicate with the ghost, Horatio in order to reap control over it orders to attack it, but fails to do any harm because it is a spirit. Claudius, however, and then his advisor Polonius believe that they can gain control over the "spirits" of their children by overruling them through orders, critique and humiliations. Claudius' awareness of Hamlet's agony over his dead father, results the king to believe that such level of depression is absurd; therefore, Hamlet's stepfather condemns his son's feelings striving for control over Hamlet's emotions. Similarly, Hamlet's love for Ophelia, seems irrational to her father, |
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Sinister Personas in Works of Carol Ann DuffyHow does Carol Ann Duffy portray a sinister persona in the poem, "Education for Leisure" and "Stealing"? The poet, Carol Ann Duffy portrays malevolent and restless personas in the poems; "Education for Leisure" and "Stealing". In the poem "Education for Leisure", Duffy presents a dramatic monologue of an anonymous that commits crimes and explores his hostile desires against living objects due to the boredom the persona suffers in the poem "Education for Leisure". Likewise, Duffy presents a rather lonely yet manipulative character in the poem "Stealing", who often purloins for the thrill of watching inferior beings suffer, although stealing items which have no use to him. The anonymous person in "Education for Leisure" represents an evil persona by his belief of playing God. The unnamed believes that he is God, someone who is above and beyond everyone and in this way, he could control everyone and woul |
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Factors and Responses to Combat ExhaustionIn 1940, people in the United States felt that they were isolated from the war in Europe. This feeling of isolation soon faded. On December 17, 1941 the Japanese attacked the United States naval base Pearl Harbor. The United States was forced to join the war in full force. Young men just starting their lives or preparing to by studying at university knew that they were now likely to be drafted into the armed forces. This fact meant that their lives were forever going to change and possibly be cut very short. Lowell H. Harrison, who was attending Western Kentucky University before the attack, said that "it was still a shock to realize that the United States was actively involved." Soon after saying this, he became a part of the United States Army Reserve. He and many others were ripped out their daily routines because of the war. Before the United States' involvement in the war, many young American men were living everyday lives, but now were being forced to leave everything |
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Cultural Diversity in Australian SchoolsIntroduction Australia is one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse nations in the world with over 6 million Australian residents born overseas, 25% of the population with a language background other than English and over 75% identifying with an ancestry other than 'Australian'. (ABS, 2011) This paper will examine the issue of cultural diversity in Australian schools and assess government policy which addresses multiculturalism and its impact on students' educational experience and outcomes. To begin with this paper will outline the key points raised by Julie McLeod's article 'Educating society' and assess the extent to which Australian schooling challenges the inequalities associated with cultural diversity. The contention of this paper is that policy is being guided by an increasing awareness of the implications of a multicultural society and aims to challenge the inequalities faced by students with a diverse cultural and linguistic background. However, altho |
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Media and How We View the WorldThis essay will discuss the way the media shapes the way we think about the world, in particular the way the media shapes our views on terrorism. It will look at the way Muslims and Arabs have been portrayed in different media outlets. The media outlets it will look at are films, news broadcasts and animation. As such, it will focus on how the media uses imagery to manipulate our understandings of Muslim and Arab culture as an example of how the media shapes our views on identity. Additionally, it will look at how the media has been used by the government to aid social control by creating a politics of fear discourse that has allowed it to infringe on civil liberties and create support for US foreign policy. Thus, this essay will be split in two parts; it will begin by looking at how the media has shaped our everyday perceptions of identity. Secondly, it will look at how the media been used to create a discourse of fear that has led to support for US foreign policy and civil right's |
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William Wordsworth - Poetry AnalysisWilliam Wordsworth's poem "I wandered lonely as a cloud" is considered one of the best poems in history. The story that the speaker tells in the poem portrays all his emotions brought from nature. He starts by telling that he was wandering like a cloud floating above hills and valleys and then he saw thousands daffodils twinkle in the milky way and the water waves that danced beside them brought him joy and company. He never knew what wealth that image would bring him, until he was feeling "vacant" or "pensive", and this would help him to enjoy and re-feel the same emotions. The structure, language and the sound devices, support the theme of "I wandered lonely as a cloud" which is satisfaction and inspiration coming from nature, that is one of the main principles of Romanticism. The speaker starts with "I wandered lonely as a cloud" meaning that he was all lost in his thoughts wandering like a cloud "That floats on high o'er va |
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Samuel Johnson's Criticism of Paradise LostIt is a well-established view that Samuel Johnson's London presents the pastoral as a serene repose from the foul and pestilent metropolis.1 Such an interpretation is quite obvious. However, I believe that there may be further dimensions and greater subtleties to Johnson's construction of the rustic idyll than have previously been realized. In an essay published on the occasion of Dr. Johnson's 250th birthday, Mary Lascelles concludes that 'London has not the brilliance of its original, because it lacks the lightening flash of its irony'.2 Lascelles is arguably right to find irony in Juvenal's 'Satire III', and in sensing none in London, she aligns herself with the vast majority of those who have published their views on the poem. However, through a consideration of Johnson's possible Miltonic allusion, his politicization of the pastoral and his characterization of Thales, I wish to explore the idea that Johnson presents the rural/urban antithesis with a generally unrecogn |
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Judaism, the Qumran Library and the High PriestIntroduction The epistle1 to the Hebrews is explicit in its presentation of the High Priest motif of Jesus Christ. The authorship of Hebrews has been in dispute; while some hold to Pauline2 authorship others maintain that it was written by an unknown author.3 While this is not the place to dig into the argument, I agree with the view that the author is unknown and will therefore use the term 'the author' in this paper. The recipients of the book are said to be Christian Jews and not non- Christian or Essene priests as some posit but the position that it is written for non-Christian groups or Jewish/Essene priests is said to be scarcely tenable.4 I agree with the view that it was written for Christian Jews due to the following reasons stated by Gaebelein:5 1. The author has much to say about the worship of the tabernacle, the priests and the kind of sacrifices they offered, the covenant meant so much to the Jews. 2. Jewish worthies like Abraham, Moses, Joshua and a host of others |
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Andrew Laeddis in Shutter IslandThe year is 1954. That was nine years after the German unconditional surrender, putting an end to the Second World War; the year when the first hydrogen bomb test was announced to be conducted successfully in the U.S.; and the year when the conflict between two schools of psychiatric treatment, transorbital lobotomy operation and psychoanalysis with pharmacy therapy, gradually turned white-hot. Something has an end like war, but something is continuing on and on, such as the surviving soldiers and their indelible trauma. The shadow of blood and death darkens their life. Moreover, their adamant belief of justice has wavered. Once their faith is shattered, their judgment of right and wrong blurs. In that way, hero might turn to be monster. Then the nightmare comes. The film, Shutter Island, which is directed by Martin Scorsese, follows Andrew Laeddis' (Leonardo DiCaprio) desperate struggle between reality and delusion, sobriety and insanity. As an ex-soldier in Second World War, Laeddi |
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Speech and Hearing DisordersI had the amazing opportunity to interview a Speech Language Pathologist named Tina Dowling. Tina works in an elementary school, specializing in Speech Sound Disorders in Children. Working with Speech Disorders in Children means early diagnosis and intervention are extremely important. One on One's and visiting Kindergarten, first grade, and second grade classrooms help a Speech Pathologist listen to children, and assess whether or not they have a problem with their speech. Talking with teachers, and parents are also important in assessing a child. There are many steps in order to diagnose a child with a Speech Disorder. The first step includes looking for signs that a child has a Speech problem. The next step is watching the child, studying their case history, and testing them to diagnose them with a Specific Speech Disorder. The final step is to perform the appropriate therapy needed to help the child reach their full potential. In order to understand these steps, and the reaso |
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1776 - View of the American Revolution1776, written by David McCullough, studies the rich history of the American Revolution from multiple points of view of the war, weaving together an epic that has stood the test of time. Though the book flows in a chronological order, McCullough focuses mainly on General George Washington and his colleagues Nathaniel Greene and Henry Knox, who, without their bravery, intellect, and perseverance, would have led the Continental Army to ruin. By focusing on the soldiers, the very heart of the Continental and British Armies, as well as the people on the top, like King George III as well as George Washington and crew, McCullough makes the story of the American Revolution both intensely human and passionate. The soldiers of both the British and the Continental armies are given strong backgrounds that show both sides as human, as well as giving the reader a reason for how the Continentals eventually won, despite the Brits seemingly displaying every advantage. Though it might not have seemed i |
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The Brooklyn BridgeThe Brooklyn Bridge is a hybrid cable-stayed/suspension bridge in New York City and is one of the oldest bridges of either type in the United States. Completed in 1883, it connects the boroughs of Manhattan andBrooklyn by spanning the East River. It has a main span of 1,595.5 feet (486.3 m), and was the first steel-wire suspension bridge constructed. It was originally referred to as the New York and Brooklyn Bridge and as the East River Bridge, but it was later dubbed the Brooklyn Bridge, a name coming from an earlier January 25, 1867, letter to the editor of theBrooklyn Daily Eagle,[7] and formally so named by the city government in 1915. Since its opening, it has become an icon of New York City, and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1964[6][8][9] and a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark in 1972.[10] The Brooklyn Bridge was initially designed by German immigrantJohn Augustus Roebling, who had previously designed and construc |
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Overview of the European Union (EU)European Parliament plays a role in the EU's legislative and budgeting processes, and exercises general supervision over the work of the two other main EU bodies, the Council of the European Union (Council of Ministers) and the European Commission. However, the EP is not a legislative body in the traditional sense. The EP cannot initiate legislation; that right rests solely with the Commission, which functions as the EU's executive and guarantor of the EU treaties.The Council, the EU's main decision-making body comprised of ministers from the national governments, enacts legislation based on Com mission proposals, after it consults with the Par liament. The role of the European Parliament in the legislative process has expanded steadily over time as the scope of EU policy has grown. As more decisions within the Council of Minis ters have become subject to qualified majority vot ing rather than unanimity to allow for greater speed and efficiency of decision-making, the Par li |
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Liminality and the Ritual ProcessThe term "Liminality" is a new word that became synonymous with Victor Turner's work in "The Ritual Process" published in 1967, but in turn seems from "The Rights of Passage" by Arnold Van Gannep. Van Gennep's work focuses on the "rites of passage", which today is seen as a ritual for people in different forms of life. Indeed when Van Gennep carried out his ethnographic research, it was scrutinized by the positivism of the Durkheimian scholars when it was published. Van Gennep disagreed with Durkheim's "Rules of Elementary forms of Religious Life". Van Gennep had wrote his work on Australian totemism six years before Durkheim completed his own work, Van Gennep viewed the "totem" differed from Durkheim'. Durkheim maintained that social institutions progressed with evolution. Van Gennep stipulated that these were critical for human social institutions, as necessary for human survival, he argued that humans form groups in orde |
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Compton, California and Harlem, NYCHarlem, a neighborhood of New York City and Compton, California are two areas in the United States that have fallen victim to racial discrimination and marginalization. During the Harlem Renaissance in the 1920s, well-educated African-American people began producing literature that explained the horrors of racism. Rap musicians in the mid-1980s began producing aggressive music against white people for their unfair treatment of black people in the area. Although the Harlem Renaissance occurred about 60 years before the rise of "gangster rap" of Compton; both areas produced art that has been heavily censored. The racial discrimination of these predominately black areas produced art that speak negatively of white people and the terrible way they treated the black citizens. Areas that produce high volumes of censored art prove the negative effect of marginalization as described by David Sibley in Geographies of Exclusion; the art is censored to hide the acts of racial discrimin |
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The Revolution of Literature: 19th-20th CenturyThe "Revolution" in Literature During the 19th/20th Centuries An influential English Modernist Virginia Woolf once said, "On or about December 1910, the world changed". This statement is regarding the drastic change in the culture of society with the beginning of exploration of the meaning of life and the patterns that society are prone to following. This brought about curiosity and the religious affiliated explanations were no longer sufficient. The dissatisfaction for many, and believing mindlessly in something with no real evidence was intolerable. Society's intellect was expanding with the impacts of the scientific revolution and new discoveries, the potential for the expansion of perspective was now present. Ontology as a philosophical viewpoint on life is defined as, "The science or study of being; that branch of metaphysics concerned with the nature or essence of being or existence." (Oxford English Dictionary). Exploring ontology and the m |
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